/postgresql13_1/
PostgreSQL SQL关键词
  1. PostgreSQL 前言
    1. 何为 PostgreSQL
    2. PostgreSQL 简史
    3. PostgreSQL 约定
    4. PostgreSQL 进一步的信息
    5. PostgreSQL 缺陷报告指南
  2. PostgreSQL 教程
    1. PostgreSQL 从头开始
      1. PostgreSQL 安装
      2. PostgreSQL 架构基础
      3. PostgreSQL 创建一个数据库
      4. PostgreSQL 访问数据库
    2. PostgreSQL SQL语言
      1. PostgreSQL 引言
      2. PostgreSQL 概念
      3. PostgreSQL 创建一个新表
      4. PostgreSQL 在表中增加行
      5. PostgreSQL 查询一个表
      6. PostgreSQL 在表之间连接
      7. PostgreSQL 聚集函数
      8. PostgreSQL 更新
      9. PostgreSQL 删除
    3. PostgreSQL SQL语言
      1. PostgreSQL 引言
      2. PostgreSQL 概念
      3. PostgreSQL 创建一个新表
      4. PostgreSQL 在表中增加行
      5. PostgreSQL 查询一个表
      6. PostgreSQL 在表之间连接
      7. PostgreSQL 聚集函数
      8. PostgreSQL 更新
      9. PostgreSQL 删除
    4. PostgreSQL SQL语言
      1. PostgreSQL 引言
      2. PostgreSQL 概念
      3. PostgreSQL 创建一个新表
      4. PostgreSQL 在表中增加行
      5. PostgreSQL 查询一个表
      6. PostgreSQL 在表之间连接
      7. PostgreSQL 聚集函数
      8. PostgreSQL 更新
      9. PostgreSQL 删除
    5. PostgreSQL 高级特性
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 视图
      3. PostgreSQL 外键
      4. PostgreSQL 事务
      5. PostgreSQL 窗口函数
      6. PostgreSQL 继承
      7. PostgreSQL 小结
  3. PostgreSQL SQL语言
    1. PostgreSQL SQL语法
      1. PostgreSQL 词法结构
      2. PostgreSQL 值表达式
      3. PostgreSQL 调用函数
    2. PostgreSQL 数据定义
      1. PostgreSQL 表基础
      2. PostgreSQL 默认值
      3. PostgreSQL 生成列
      4. PostgreSQL 约束
      5. PostgreSQL 系统列
      6. PostgreSQL 修改表
      7. PostgreSQL 权限
      8. PostgreSQL 行安全性策略
      9. PostgreSQL 模式
      10. PostgreSQL 继承
      11. PostgreSQL 表分区
      12. PostgreSQL 外部数据
      13. PostgreSQL 其他数据库对象
      14. PostgreSQL 依赖跟踪
    3. PostgreSQL 数据操纵
      1. PostgreSQL 插入数据
      2. PostgreSQL 更新数据
      3. PostgreSQL 删除数据
      4. PostgreSQL 从修改的行中返回数据
    4. PostgreSQL 查询
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 表表达式
      3. PostgreSQL 选择列表
      4. PostgreSQL 组合查询
      5. PostgreSQL 行排序
      6. PostgreSQL LIMIT和OFFSET
      7. PostgreSQL VALUES列表
      8. PostgreSQL WITH查询（公共表表达式）
    5. PostgreSQL 数据类型
      1. PostgreSQL 数字类型
      2. PostgreSQL 货币类型
      3. PostgreSQL 字符类型
      4. PostgreSQL 二进制数据类型
      5. PostgreSQL 日期/时间类型
      6. PostgreSQL 布尔类型
      7. PostgreSQL 枚举类型
      8. PostgreSQL 几何类型
      9. PostgreSQL 网络地址类型
      10. PostgreSQL 位串类型
      11. PostgreSQL 文本搜索类型
      12. PostgreSQL UUID类型
      13. PostgreSQL XML类型
      14. PostgreSQL JSON 类型
      15. PostgreSQL 数组
      16. PostgreSQL 组合类型
      17. PostgreSQL 范围类型
      18. PostgreSQL 域类型
      19. PostgreSQL 对象标识符类型
      20. PostgreSQL pg_lsn 类型
      21. PostgreSQL 伪类型
    6. PostgreSQL 函数和操作符
      1. PostgreSQL 逻辑操作符
      2. PostgreSQL 比较函数和操作符
      3. PostgreSQL 数学函数和操作符
      4. PostgreSQL 字符串函数和操作符
      5. PostgreSQL 二进制串函数和操作符
      6. PostgreSQL 位串函数和操作符
      7. PostgreSQL 模式匹配
      8. PostgreSQL 数据类型格式化函数
      9. PostgreSQL 时间/日期函数和操作符
      10. PostgreSQL 枚举支持函数
      11. PostgreSQL 几何函数和操作符
      12. PostgreSQL 网络地址函数和操作符
      13. PostgreSQL 文本搜索函数和操作符
      14. PostgreSQL UUID 函数
      15. PostgreSQL XML 函数
      16. PostgreSQL JSON 函数和操作符
      17. PostgreSQL 序列操作函数
      18. PostgreSQL 条件表达式
      19. PostgreSQL 数组函数和操作符
      20. PostgreSQL 范围函数和运算符
      21. PostgreSQL 聚集函数
      22. PostgreSQL 窗口函数
      23. PostgreSQL 子查询表达式
      24. PostgreSQL 行和数组比较
      25. PostgreSQL 集合返回函数
      26. PostgreSQL 系统信息函数和运算符
      27. PostgreSQL 系统管理函数
      28. PostgreSQL 触发器函数
      29. PostgreSQL 事件触发器函数
      30. PostgreSQL 统计信息函数
    7. PostgreSQL 类型转换
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 操作符
      3. PostgreSQL 函数
      4. PostgreSQL 值存储
      5. PostgreSQL UNION、CASE和相关结构
      6. PostgreSQL SELECT的输出列
    8. PostgreSQL 索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 索引类型
      3. PostgreSQL 多列索引
      4. PostgreSQL 索引和ORDER BY
      5. PostgreSQL 组合多个索引
      6. PostgreSQL 唯一索引
      7. PostgreSQL 表达式索引
      8. PostgreSQL 部分索引
      9. PostgreSQL 只用索引的扫描和覆盖索引
      10. PostgreSQL 操作符类和操作符族
      11. PostgreSQL 索引和排序规则
      12. PostgreSQL 检查索引使用
    9. PostgreSQL 全文搜索
      1. PostgreSQL 介绍
      2. PostgreSQL 表和索引
      3. PostgreSQL 控制文本搜索
      4. PostgreSQL 控制文本搜索
      5. PostgreSQL 额外特性
      6. PostgreSQL 解析器
      7. PostgreSQL 词典
      8. PostgreSQL 配置例子
      9. PostgreSQL 测试和调试文本搜索
      10. PostgreSQL GIN 和 GiST 索引类型
      11. PostgreSQL psql支持
      12. PostgreSQL 限制
    10. PostgreSQL 并发控制
      1. PostgreSQL 介绍
      2. PostgreSQL 事务隔离
      3. PostgreSQL 显式锁定
      4. PostgreSQL 应用级别的数据完整性检查
      5. PostgreSQL 提醒
      6. PostgreSQL 锁定和索引
    11. PostgreSQL 性能提示
      1. PostgreSQL 使用EXPLAIN
      2. PostgreSQL 规划器使用的统计信息
      3. PostgreSQL 用显式JOIN子句控制规划器
      4. PostgreSQL 填充一个数据库
      5. PostgreSQL 非持久设置
    12. PostgreSQL 并行查询
      1. PostgreSQL 并行查询如何工作
      2. PostgreSQL 何时会用到并行查询？
      3. PostgreSQL 并行计划
      4. PostgreSQL 并行安全性
  4. PostgreSQL SQL语言
    1. PostgreSQL SQL语法
      1. PostgreSQL 词法结构
      2. PostgreSQL 值表达式
      3. PostgreSQL 调用函数
    2. PostgreSQL 数据定义
      1. PostgreSQL 表基础
      2. PostgreSQL 默认值
      3. PostgreSQL 生成列
      4. PostgreSQL 约束
      5. PostgreSQL 系统列
      6. PostgreSQL 修改表
      7. PostgreSQL 权限
      8. PostgreSQL 行安全性策略
      9. PostgreSQL 模式
      10. PostgreSQL 继承
      11. PostgreSQL 表分区
      12. PostgreSQL 外部数据
      13. PostgreSQL 其他数据库对象
      14. PostgreSQL 依赖跟踪
    3. PostgreSQL 数据操纵
      1. PostgreSQL 插入数据
      2. PostgreSQL 更新数据
      3. PostgreSQL 删除数据
      4. PostgreSQL 从修改的行中返回数据
    4. PostgreSQL 查询
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 表表达式
      3. PostgreSQL 选择列表
      4. PostgreSQL 组合查询
      5. PostgreSQL 行排序
      6. PostgreSQL LIMIT和OFFSET
      7. PostgreSQL VALUES列表
      8. PostgreSQL WITH查询（公共表表达式）
    5. PostgreSQL 数据类型
      1. PostgreSQL 数字类型
      2. PostgreSQL 货币类型
      3. PostgreSQL 字符类型
      4. PostgreSQL 二进制数据类型
      5. PostgreSQL 日期/时间类型
      6. PostgreSQL 布尔类型
      7. PostgreSQL 枚举类型
      8. PostgreSQL 几何类型
      9. PostgreSQL 网络地址类型
      10. PostgreSQL 位串类型
      11. PostgreSQL 文本搜索类型
      12. PostgreSQL UUID类型
      13. PostgreSQL XML类型
      14. PostgreSQL JSON 类型
      15. PostgreSQL 数组
      16. PostgreSQL 组合类型
      17. PostgreSQL 范围类型
      18. PostgreSQL 域类型
      19. PostgreSQL 对象标识符类型
      20. PostgreSQL pg_lsn 类型
      21. PostgreSQL 伪类型
    6. PostgreSQL 函数和操作符
      1. PostgreSQL 逻辑操作符
      2. PostgreSQL 比较函数和操作符
      3. PostgreSQL 数学函数和操作符
      4. PostgreSQL 字符串函数和操作符
      5. PostgreSQL 二进制串函数和操作符
      6. PostgreSQL 位串函数和操作符
      7. PostgreSQL 模式匹配
      8. PostgreSQL 数据类型格式化函数
      9. PostgreSQL 时间/日期函数和操作符
      10. PostgreSQL 枚举支持函数
      11. PostgreSQL 几何函数和操作符
      12. PostgreSQL 网络地址函数和操作符
      13. PostgreSQL 文本搜索函数和操作符
      14. PostgreSQL UUID 函数
      15. PostgreSQL XML 函数
      16. PostgreSQL JSON 函数和操作符
      17. PostgreSQL 序列操作函数
      18. PostgreSQL 条件表达式
      19. PostgreSQL 数组函数和操作符
      20. PostgreSQL 范围函数和运算符
      21. PostgreSQL 聚集函数
      22. PostgreSQL 窗口函数
      23. PostgreSQL 子查询表达式
      24. PostgreSQL 行和数组比较
      25. PostgreSQL 集合返回函数
      26. PostgreSQL 系统信息函数和运算符
      27. PostgreSQL 系统管理函数
      28. PostgreSQL 触发器函数
      29. PostgreSQL 事件触发器函数
      30. PostgreSQL 统计信息函数
    7. PostgreSQL 类型转换
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 操作符
      3. PostgreSQL 函数
      4. PostgreSQL 值存储
      5. PostgreSQL UNION、CASE和相关结构
      6. PostgreSQL SELECT的输出列
    8. PostgreSQL 索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 索引类型
      3. PostgreSQL 多列索引
      4. PostgreSQL 索引和ORDER BY
      5. PostgreSQL 组合多个索引
      6. PostgreSQL 唯一索引
      7. PostgreSQL 表达式索引
      8. PostgreSQL 部分索引
      9. PostgreSQL 只用索引的扫描和覆盖索引
      10. PostgreSQL 操作符类和操作符族
      11. PostgreSQL 索引和排序规则
      12. PostgreSQL 检查索引使用
    9. PostgreSQL 全文搜索
      1. PostgreSQL 介绍
      2. PostgreSQL 表和索引
      3. PostgreSQL 控制文本搜索
      4. PostgreSQL 控制文本搜索
      5. PostgreSQL 额外特性
      6. PostgreSQL 解析器
      7. PostgreSQL 词典
      8. PostgreSQL 配置例子
      9. PostgreSQL 测试和调试文本搜索
      10. PostgreSQL GIN 和 GiST 索引类型
      11. PostgreSQL psql支持
      12. PostgreSQL 限制
    10. PostgreSQL 并发控制
      1. PostgreSQL 介绍
      2. PostgreSQL 事务隔离
      3. PostgreSQL 显式锁定
      4. PostgreSQL 应用级别的数据完整性检查
      5. PostgreSQL 提醒
      6. PostgreSQL 锁定和索引
    11. PostgreSQL 性能提示
      1. PostgreSQL 使用EXPLAIN
      2. PostgreSQL 规划器使用的统计信息
      3. PostgreSQL 用显式JOIN子句控制规划器
      4. PostgreSQL 填充一个数据库
      5. PostgreSQL 非持久设置
    12. PostgreSQL 并行查询
      1. PostgreSQL 并行查询如何工作
      2. PostgreSQL 何时会用到并行查询？
      3. PostgreSQL 并行计划
      4. PostgreSQL 并行安全性
  5. PostgreSQL 服务器管理
    1. PostgreSQL 从源代码安装
      1. PostgreSQL 简单版
      2. PostgreSQL 要求
      3. PostgreSQL 获取源码
      4. PostgreSQL 安装过程
      5. PostgreSQL 安装后设置
      6. PostgreSQL 平台支持
      7. PostgreSQL 平台相关的说明
    2. PostgreSQL 在Windows上从源代码安装
      1. PostgreSQL 使用Visual C++或Microsoft Windows SDK构建
    3. PostgreSQL 服务器设置和操作
      1. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL用户账户
      2. PostgreSQL 创建一个数据库集簇
      3. PostgreSQL 启动数据库服务器
      4. PostgreSQL 管理内核资源
      5. PostgreSQL 关闭服务器
      6. PostgreSQL 升级一个PostgreSQL集簇
      7. PostgreSQL 阻止服务器欺骗
      8. PostgreSQL 加密选项
      9. PostgreSQL 用 SSL 进行安全的 TCP/IP 连接
      10. PostgreSQL Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption
      11. PostgreSQL 使用SSH隧道的安全 TCP/IP 连接
      12. PostgreSQL 在Windows上注册事件日志
    4. PostgreSQL 服务器配置
      1. PostgreSQL 设置参数
      2. PostgreSQL 文件位置
      3. PostgreSQL 连接和认证
      4. PostgreSQL 资源消耗
      5. PostgreSQL 预写式日志
      6. PostgreSQL 复制
      7. PostgreSQL 查询规划
      8. PostgreSQL 错误报告和日志
      9. PostgreSQL 运行时统计数据
      10. PostgreSQL 自动清理
      11. PostgreSQL 客户端连接默认值
      12. PostgreSQL 锁管理
      13. PostgreSQL 版本和平台兼容性
      14. PostgreSQL 错误处理
      15. PostgreSQL 预置选项
      16. PostgreSQL 自定义选项
      17. PostgreSQL 开发者选项
      18. PostgreSQL 短选项
    5. PostgreSQL 客户端认证
      1. PostgreSQL pg_hba.conf文件
      2. PostgreSQL 用户名映射
      3. PostgreSQL 认证方法
      4. PostgreSQL 信任认证
      5. PostgreSQL 口令认证
      6. PostgreSQL GSSAPI 认证
      7. PostgreSQL SSPI 认证
      8. PostgreSQL Ident 认证
      9. PostgreSQL Peer 认证
      10. PostgreSQL LDAP 认证
      11. PostgreSQL RADIUS 认证
      12. PostgreSQL 证书认证
      13. PostgreSQL PAM 认证
      14. PostgreSQL BSD 认证
      15. PostgreSQL 认证问题
    6. PostgreSQL 数据库角色
      1. PostgreSQL 数据库角色
      2. PostgreSQL 角色属性
      3. PostgreSQL 角色成员关系
      4. PostgreSQL 删除角色
      5. PostgreSQL 默认角色
      6. PostgreSQL 函数和触发器安全性
    7. PostgreSQL 管理数据库
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 创建一个数据库
      3. PostgreSQL 模板数据库
      4. PostgreSQL 数据库配置
      5. PostgreSQL 销毁一个数据库
      6. PostgreSQL 表空间
    8. PostgreSQL 本地化
      1. PostgreSQL 区域支持
      2. PostgreSQL 排序规则支持
      3. PostgreSQL 字符集支持
    9. PostgreSQL 日常数据库维护工作
      1. PostgreSQL 日常清理
      2. PostgreSQL 日常重建索引
      3. PostgreSQL 日志文件维护
    10. PostgreSQL 备份和恢复
      1. PostgreSQL SQL转储
      2. PostgreSQL 文件系统级别备份
      3. PostgreSQL 连续归档和时间点恢复（PITR）
    11. PostgreSQL 高可用、负载均衡和复制
      1. PostgreSQL 不同方案的比较
      2. PostgreSQL 日志传送后备服务器
      3. PostgreSQL 故障转移
      4. PostgreSQL 日志传送的替代方法
      5. PostgreSQL 热备
    12. PostgreSQL 监控数据库活动
      1. PostgreSQL 标准 Unix 工具
      2. PostgreSQL 统计收集器
      3. PostgreSQL 查看锁
      4. PostgreSQL Progress Reporting
      5. PostgreSQL 动态追踪
    13. PostgreSQL 监控磁盘使用
      1. PostgreSQL 判断磁盘用量
      2. PostgreSQL 磁盘满失败
    14. PostgreSQL 可靠性和预写式日志
      1. PostgreSQL 可靠性
      2. PostgreSQL 预写式日志（WAL）
      3. PostgreSQL 异步提交
      4. PostgreSQL WAL配置
      5. PostgreSQL WAL内部
    15. PostgreSQL 逻辑复制
      1. PostgreSQL 发布
      2. PostgreSQL 订阅
      3. PostgreSQL 冲突
      4. PostgreSQL 限制
      5. PostgreSQL 架构
      6. PostgreSQL 监控
      7. PostgreSQL 安全性
      8. PostgreSQL 配置设置
      9. PostgreSQL 快速设置
    16. PostgreSQL 即时编译（JIT）
      1. PostgreSQL 什么是JIT编译？
      2. PostgreSQL 什么时候会用JIT
      3. PostgreSQL 配置
      4. PostgreSQL 可扩展性
    17. PostgreSQL 回归测试
      1. PostgreSQL 运行测试
      2. PostgreSQL 测试评估
      3. PostgreSQL 变体比较文件
      4. PostgreSQL TAP 测试
      5. PostgreSQL 测试覆盖检查
  6. PostgreSQL 客户端接口
    1. PostgreSQL libpq - C 库
      1. PostgreSQL 数据库连接控制函数
      2. PostgreSQL 连接状态函数
      3. PostgreSQL 命令执行函数
      4. PostgreSQL 异步命令处理
      5. PostgreSQL 一行一行地检索查询结果
      6. PostgreSQL 取消进行中的查询
      7. PostgreSQL 快速路径接口
      8. PostgreSQL 异步提示
      9. PostgreSQL COPY命令相关的函数
      10. PostgreSQL 控制函数
      11. PostgreSQL 杂项函数
      12. PostgreSQL 通知处理
      13. PostgreSQL 事件系统
      14. PostgreSQL 环境变量
      15. PostgreSQL 口令文件
      16. PostgreSQL 连接服务文件
      17. PostgreSQL 连接参数的 LDAP 查找
      18. PostgreSQL SSL 支持
      19. PostgreSQL 在线程化程序中的行为
      20. PostgreSQL 编译 libpq 程序
      21. PostgreSQL 例子程序
    2. PostgreSQL 大对象
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 实现特性
      3. PostgreSQL 客户端接口
      4. PostgreSQL 服务器端函数
      5. PostgreSQL 例子程序
    3. PostgreSQL ECPG — C中的嵌入式 SQL
      1. PostgreSQL 概念
      2. PostgreSQL 管理数据库连接
      3. PostgreSQL 运行 SQL 命令
      4. PostgreSQL 使用主变量
      5. PostgreSQL 动态 SQL
      6. PostgreSQL pgtypes 库
      7. PostgreSQL 使用描述符区域
      8. PostgreSQL 错误处理
      9. PostgreSQL 预处理器指令
      10. PostgreSQL 处理嵌入式 SQL 程序
      11. PostgreSQL 库函数
      12. PostgreSQL 大对象
      13. PostgreSQL C++ 应用
      14. PostgreSQL 嵌入式 SQL 命令
      15. PostgreSQL Informix兼容模式
      16. PostgreSQL 内部
    4. PostgreSQL 信息模式
      1. PostgreSQL 模式
      2. PostgreSQL 数据类型
      3. PostgreSQL information_schema_catalog_name
      4. PostgreSQL administrable_role_​authorizations
      5. PostgreSQL applicable_roles
      6. PostgreSQL attributes
      7. PostgreSQL character_sets
      8. PostgreSQL check_constraint_routine_usage
      9. PostgreSQL check_constraints
      10. PostgreSQL collations
      11. PostgreSQL collation_character_set_​applicability
      12. PostgreSQL column_column_usage
      13. PostgreSQL column_domain_usage
      14. PostgreSQL column_options
      15. PostgreSQL column_privileges
      16. PostgreSQL column_udt_usage
      17. PostgreSQL columns
      18. PostgreSQL constraint_column_usage
      19. PostgreSQL constraint_table_usage
      20. PostgreSQL data_type_privileges
      21. PostgreSQL domain_constraints
      22. PostgreSQL domain_udt_usage
      23. PostgreSQL domains
      24. PostgreSQL element_types
      25. PostgreSQL enabled_roles
      26. PostgreSQL foreign_data_wrapper_options
      27. PostgreSQL foreign_data_wrappers
      28. PostgreSQL foreign_server_options
      29. PostgreSQL foreign_servers
      30. PostgreSQL foreign_table_options
      31. PostgreSQL foreign_tables
      32. PostgreSQL key_column_usage
      33. PostgreSQL parameters
      34. PostgreSQL referential_constraints
      35. PostgreSQL role_column_grants
      36. PostgreSQL role_routine_grants
      37. PostgreSQL role_table_grants
      38. PostgreSQL role_udt_grants
      39. PostgreSQL role_usage_grants
      40. PostgreSQL routine_privileges
      41. PostgreSQL routines
      42. PostgreSQL schemata
      43. PostgreSQL sequences
      44. PostgreSQL sql_features
      45. PostgreSQL sql_implementation_info
      46. PostgreSQL sql_parts
      47. PostgreSQL sql_sizing
      48. PostgreSQL table_constraints
      49. PostgreSQL table_privileges
      50. PostgreSQL tables
      51. PostgreSQL transforms
      52. PostgreSQL triggered_update_columns
      53. PostgreSQL triggers
      54. PostgreSQL udt_privileges
      55. PostgreSQL usage_privileges
      56. PostgreSQL user_defined_types
      57. PostgreSQLuser_mapping_options
      58. PostgreSQL user_mappings
      59. PostgreSQL view_column_usage
      60. PostgreSQL view_routine_usage
      61. PostgreSQL view_table_usage
      62. PostgreSQL views
  7. PostgreSQL 服务器编程
    1. PostgreSQL 扩展 SQL
      1. PostgreSQL 扩展性如何工作
      2. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL类型系统
      3. PostgreSQL 用户定义的函数
      4. PostgreSQL 用户定义的过程
      5. PostgreSQL 查询语言（SQL）函数
      6. PostgreSQL 函数重载
      7. PostgreSQL 函数易变性分类
      8. PostgreSQL 过程语言函数
      9. PostgreSQL 内部函数
      10. PostgreSQL C 语言函数
      11. PostgreSQL 函数优化信息
      12. PostgreSQL 用户定义的聚集
      13. PostgreSQL 用户定义的类型
      14. PostgreSQL 用户定义的操作符
      15. PostgreSQL 操作符优化信息
      16. PostgreSQL 索引的接口扩展
      17. PostgreSQL 打包相关对象到一个扩展中
      18. PostgreSQL 扩展的构建基础设施
    2. PostgreSQL 触发器
      1. PostgreSQL 触发器行为概述
      2. PostgreSQL 数据改变的可见性
      3. PostgreSQL 用 C 编写触发器函数
      4. PostgreSQL 一个完整的触发器实例
    3. PostgreSQL 事件触发器
      1. PostgreSQL 事件触发器行为总览
      2. PostgreSQL 事件触发器触发矩阵
      3. PostgreSQL 用 C 编写事件触发器函数
      4. PostgreSQL 一个完整的事件触发器例子
      5. PostgreSQL 一个表重写事件触发器例子
    4. PostgreSQL 规则系统
      1. PostgreSQL 查询树
      2. PostgreSQL 视图和规则系统
      3. PostgreSQL 物化视图
      4. PostgreSQL INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE上的规则
      5. PostgreSQL 规则和权限
      6. PostgreSQL 规则和命令状态
      7. PostgreSQL 规则 vs 触发器
    5. PostgreSQL 过程语言
      1. PostgreSQL 安装过程语言
    6. PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL — SQL过程语言
      1. PostgreSQL 综述
      2. PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL的结构
      3. PostgreSQL 声明
      4. PostgreSQL 表达式
      5. PostgreSQL 基本语句
      6. PostgreSQL 控制结构
      7. PostgreSQL 游标
      8. PostgreSQL 事务管理
      9. PostgreSQL 错误和消息
      10. PostgreSQL 触发器函数
      11. PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL的内部
      12. PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL开发提示
      13. PostgreSQL 从Oracle PL/SQL 移植
    7. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl — Tcl 过程语言
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 函数和参数
      3. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 中的数据值
      4. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 中的全局数据
      5. PostgreSQL 从 PL/Tcl 访问数据库
      6. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 中的触发器函数
      7. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 中的事件触发器函数
      8. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl 中的错误处理
      9. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl中的显式子事务
      10. PostgreSQL 事务管理
      11. PostgreSQL PL/Tcl配置
      12. PostgreSQL Tcl 过程名
    8. PostgreSQL PL/Perl — Perl 过程语言
      1. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 函数和参数
      2. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 中的数据值
      3. PostgreSQL 内建函数
      4. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 中的全局值
      5. PostgreSQL 可信的和不可信的 PL/Perl
      6. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 触发器
      7. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 事件触发器
      8. PostgreSQL PL/Perl 下面的东西
    9. PostgreSQL PL/Python — Python 过程语言
      1. PostgreSQL Python 2 vs. Python 3
      2. PostgreSQL PL/Python 函数
      3. PostgreSQL 数据值
      4. PostgreSQL 共享数据
      5. PostgreSQL 匿名代码块
      6. PostgreSQL 触发器函数
      7. PostgreSQL 数据库访问
      8. PostgreSQL 显式子事务
      9. PostgreSQL 实用函数
      10. PostgreSQL 环境变量
    10. PostgreSQL 服务器编程接口
      1. PostgreSQL 接口函数
      2. PostgreSQL 接口支持函数
      3. PostgreSQL 内存管理
      4. PostgreSQL 事务管理
      5. PostgreSQL 数据改变的可见性
      6. PostgreSQL 例子
    11. PostgreSQL 后台工作者进程
    12. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码
      1. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码的例子
      2. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码概念
      3. PostgreSQL 流复制协议接口
      4. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码的 SQL 接口
      5. PostgreSQL 与逻辑解码相关的系统目录
      6. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码输出插件
      7. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码输出写入器
      8. PostgreSQL 逻辑解码的同步复制支持
    13. PostgreSQL 复制进度追踪
  8. PostgreSQL 参考
    1. PostgreSQL SQL 命令
      1. PostgreSQL ABORT
      2. PostgreSQL ALTER AGGREGATE
      3. PostgreSQL ALTER COLLATION
      4. PostgreSQL ALTER CONVERSION
      5. PostgreSQL ALTER DATABASE
      6. PostgreSQL ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
      7. PostgreSQL ALTER DOMAIN
      8. PostgreSQL ALTER EVENT TRIGGER
      9. PostgreSQL ALTER EXTENSION
      10. PostgreSQL ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
      11. PostgreSQL ALTER FOREIGN TABLE
      12. PostgreSQL ALTER FUNCTION
      13. PostgreSQL ALTER GROUP
      14. PostgreSQL ALTER INDEX
      15. PostgreSQL ALTER LANGUAGE
      16. PostgreSQL ALTER LARGE OBJECT
      17. PostgreSQL ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
      18. PostgreSQL ALTER OPERATOR
      19. PostgreSQL ALTER OPERATOR CLASS
      20. PostgreSQL ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY
      21. PostgreSQL ALTER POLICY
      22. PostgreSQL ALTER PROCEDURE
      23. PostgreSQL ALTER PUBLICATION
      24. PostgreSQL ALTER ROLE
      25. PostgreSQL ALTER ROUTINE
      26. PostgreSQL ALTER RULE
      27. PostgreSQL ALTER SCHEMA
      28. PostgreSQL ALTER SEQUENCE
      29. PostgreSQL ALTER SERVER
      30. PostgreSQL ALTER STATISTICS
      31. PostgreSQL ALTER SUBSCRIPTION
      32. PostgreSQL ALTER SYSTEM
      33. PostgreSQL ALTER TABLE
      34. PostgreSQL ALTER TABLESPACE
      35. PostgreSQL ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
      36. PostgreSQL ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
      37. PostgreSQL ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER
      38. PostgreSQL ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
      39. PostgreSQL ALTER TRIGGER
      40. PostgreSQL ALTER TYPE
      41. PostgreSQL ALTER USER
      42. PostgreSQL ALTER USER MAPPING
      43. PostgreSQL ALTER VIEW
      44. PostgreSQL ANALYZE
      45. PostgreSQL BEGIN
      46. PostgreSQL CALL
      47. PostgreSQL CHECKPOINT
      48. PostgreSQL CLOSE
      49. PostgreSQL CLUSTER
      50. PostgreSQL COMMENT
      51. PostgreSQL COMMIT
      52. PostgreSQL COMMIT PREPARED
      53. PostgreSQL COPY
      54. PostgreSQL CREATE ACCESS METHOD
      55. PostgreSQL CREATE AGGREGATE
      56. PostgreSQL CREATE CAST
      57. PostgreSQL CREATE COLLATION
      58. PostgreSQL CREATE CONVERSION
      59. PostgreSQL CREATE DATABASE
      60. PostgreSQL CREATE DOMAIN
      61. PostgreSQL CREATE EVENT TRIGGER
      62. PostgreSQL CREATE EXTENSION
      63. PostgreSQL CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
      64. PostgreSQL CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
      65. PostgreSQL CREATE FUNCTION
      66. PostgreSQL CREATE GROUP
      67. PostgreSQL CREATE INDEX
      68. PostgreSQL CREATE LANGUAGE
      69. PostgreSQL CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW
      70. PostgreSQL CREATE OPERATOR
      71. PostgreSQL CREATE OPERATOR CLASS
      72. PostgreSQL CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY
      73. PostgreSQL CREATE POLICY
      74. PostgreSQL CREATE PROCEDURE
      75. PostgreSQL CREATE PUBLICATION
      76. PostgreSQL CREATE ROLE
      77. PostgreSQL CREATE RULE
      78. PostgreSQL CREATE SCHEMA
      79. PostgreSQL CREATE SEQUENCE
      80. PostgreSQL CREATE SERVER
      81. PostgreSQL CREATE STATISTICS
      82. PostgreSQL CREATE SUBSCRIPTION
      83. PostgreSQL CREATE TABLE
      84. PostgreSQL CREATE TABLE AS
      85. PostgreSQL CREATE TABLESPACE
      86. PostgreSQL CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
      87. PostgreSQL CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
      88. PostgreSQL CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER
      89. PostgreSQL CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
      90. PostgreSQL CREATE TRANSFORM
      91. PostgreSQL CREATE TRIGGER
      92. PostgreSQL CREATE TYPE
      93. PostgreSQL CREATE USER
      94. PostgreSQL CREATE USER MAPPING
      95. PostgreSQL CREATE VIEW
      96. PostgreSQL DEALLOCATE
      97. PostgreSQL DECLARE
      98. PostgreSQL DELETE
      99. PostgreSQL DISCARD
      100. PostgreSQL DO
      101. PostgreSQL DROP ACCESS METHOD
      102. PostgreSQL DROP AGGREGATE
      103. PostgreSQL DROP CAST
      104. PostgreSQL DROP COLLATION
      105. PostgreSQL DROP CONVERSION
      106. PostgreSQL DROP DATABASE
      107. PostgreSQL DROP DOMAIN
      108. PostgreSQL DROP EVENT TRIGGER
      109. PostgreSQL DROP EXTENSION
      110. PostgreSQL DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
      111. PostgreSQL DROP FOREIGN TABLE
      112. PostgreSQL DROP FUNCTION
      113. PostgreSQL DROP GROUP
      114. PostgreSQL DROP INDEX
      115. PostgreSQL DROP LANGUAGE
      116. PostgreSQL DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW
      117. PostgreSQL DROP OPERATOR
      118. PostgreSQL DROP OPERATOR CLASS
      119. PostgreSQL DROP OPERATOR FAMILY
      120. PostgreSQL DROP OWNED
      121. PostgreSQL DROP POLICY
      122. PostgreSQL DROP PROCEDURE
      123. PostgreSQL DROP PUBLICATION
      124. PostgreSQL DROP ROLE
      125. PostgreSQL DROP ROUTINE
      126. PostgreSQL DROP RULE
      127. PostgreSQL DROP SCHEMA
      128. PostgreSQL DROP SEQUENCE
      129. PostgreSQL DROP SERVER
      130. PostgreSQL DROP STATISTICS
      131. PostgreSQL DROP SUBSCRIPTION
      132. PostgreSQL DROP TABLE
      133. PostgreSQL DROP TABLESPACE
      134. PostgreSQL DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
      135. PostgreSQL DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
      136. PostgreSQL DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
      137. PostgreSQL DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
      138. PostgreSQL DROP TRANSFORM
      139. PostgreSQL DROP TRIGGER
      140. PostgreSQL DROP TYPE
      141. PostgreSQL DROP USER
      142. PostgreSQL DROP USER MAPPING
      143. PostgreSQL DROP VIEW
      144. PostgreSQL END
      145. PostgreSQL EXECUTE
      146. PostgreSQL EXPLAIN
      147. PostgreSQL FETCH
      148. PostgreSQL GRANT
      149. PostgreSQL IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
      150. PostgreSQL INSERT
      151. PostgreSQL LISTEN
      152. PostgreSQL LOAD
      153. PostgreSQL LOCK
      154. PostgreSQL MOVE
      155. PostgreSQL NOTIFY
      156. PostgreSQL PREPARE
      157. PostgreSQL PREPARE TRANSACTION
      158. PostgreSQL REASSIGN OWNED
      159. PostgreSQL REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW
      160. PostgreSQL REINDEX
      161. PostgreSQL RELEASE SAVEPOINT
      162. PostgreSQL RESET
      163. PostgreSQL REVOKE
      164. PostgreSQL ROLLBACK
      165. PostgreSQL ROLLBACK PREPARED
      166. PostgreSQL ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
      167. PostgreSQL SAVEPOINT
      168. PostgreSQL SECURITY LABEL
      169. PostgreSQL SELECT
      170. PostgreSQL SELECT INTO
      171. PostgreSQL SET
      172. PostgreSQL SET CONSTRAINTS
      173. PostgreSQL SET ROLE
      174. PostgreSQL SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION
      175. PostgreSQL SET TRANSACTION
      176. PostgreSQL SHOW
      177. PostgreSQL START TRANSACTION
      178. PostgreSQL TRUNCATE
      179. PostgreSQL UNLISTEN
      180. PostgreSQL UPDATE
      181. PostgreSQL VACUUM
      182. PostgreSQL VALUES
    2. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL 客户端应用
      1. PostgreSQL clusterdb
      2. PostgreSQL createdb
      3. PostgreSQL createuser
      4. PostgreSQL dropdb
      5. PostgreSQL dropuser
      6. PostgreSQL ecpg
      7. PostgreSQL pg_basebackup
      8. PostgreSQL pgbench
      9. PostgreSQL pg_config
      10. PostgreSQL pg_dump
      11. PostgreSQL pg_dumpall
      12. PostgreSQL pg_isready
      13. PostgreSQL pg_receivewal
      14. PostgreSQL pg_recvlogical
      15. PostgreSQL pg_restore
      16. PostgreSQ pg_verifybackup
      17. PostgreSQL psql
      18. PostgreSQL reindexdb
      19. PostgreSQL vacuumdb
    3. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL 服务器应用
      1. PostgreSQL initdb
      2. PostgreSQL pg_archivecleanup
      3. PostgreSQL pg_checksums
      4. PostgreSQL pg_controldata
      5. PostgreSQL pg_ctl
      6. PostgreSQL pg_resetwal
      7. PostgreSQL pg_rewind
      8. PostgreSQL pg_test_fsync
      9. PostgreSQL pg_test_timing
      10. PostgreSQL pg_upgrade
      11. PostgreSQL pg_waldump
      12. PostgreSQL postgres
      13. PostgreSQL postmaster
  9. PostgreSQL 内部
    1. PostgreSQL 内部概述
      1. PostgreSQL 一个查询的路径
      2. PostgreSQL 连接如何建立
      3. PostgreSQL 分析器阶段
      4. PostgreSQL 规则系统
      5. PostgreSQL 规划器/优化器
      6. PostgreSQL 执行器
    2. PostgreSQL 系统目录
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 系统视图
    3. PostgreSQL 前端/后端协议
      1. PostgreSQL 概述
      2. PostgreSQL 消息流
      3. PostgreSQL SASL认证
      4. PostgreSQL 流复制协议
      5. PostgreSQL 逻辑流复制协议
      6. PostgreSQL 消息数据类型
      7. PostgreSQL 消息格式
      8. PostgreSQL 错误和通知消息域
      9. PostgreSQL 逻辑复制消息格式
      10. PostgreSQL 自协议2.0以来的变化总结
    4. PostgreSQL 编码习惯
      1. PostgreSQL 格式化
      2. PostgreSQL 在服务器中报告错误
      3. PostgreSQL 错误消息风格指导
      4. PostgreSQL 其他编码习惯
    5. PostgreSQL 本国语言支持
      1. PostgreSQL 给翻译者
      2. PostgreSQL 给编程者
    6. PostgreSQL 编写一个过程语言处理器
    7. PostgreSQL 编写一个外部数据包装器
      1. PostgreSQL 外部数据包装器函数
      2. PostgreSQL 外部数据包装器回调例程
      3. PostgreSQL 外部数据包装器助手函数
      4. PostgreSQL 外部数据包装器查询规划
      5. PostgreSQL 外部数据包装器中的行锁定
    8. PostgreSQL 编写一种表采样方法
      1. PostgreSQL 采样方法支持函数
    9. PostgreSQL 编写一个自定义扫描提供者
      1. PostgreSQL 创建自定义扫描路径
      2. PostgreSQL 创建自定义扫描计划
      3. PostgreSQL 执行自定义扫描
    10. PostgreSQL 遗传查询优化器
      1. PostgreSQL 将查询处理看成是一个复杂的优化问题
      2. PostgreSQL 遗传算法
      3. PostgreSQL PostgreSQL 中的遗传查询优化（GEQO）
      4. PostgreSQL 进一步阅读
    11. PostgreSQL 表访问方法接口定义
    12. PostgreSQL 索引访问方法接口定义
      1. PostgreSQL 索引的基本 API 结构
      2. PostgreSQL 索引访问方法函数
      3. PostgreSQL 索引扫描
      4. PostgreSQL 索引锁定考虑
      5. PostgreSQL 索引唯一性检查
      6. PostgreSQL 索引开销估计函数
    13. PostgreSQL 通用WAL 记录
    14. PostgreSQL B-树索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL B-树操作符类的行为
      3. PostgreSQL B-树支持函数
      4. PostgreSQL 实现
    15. PostgreSQL GiST 索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 内建操作符类
      3. PostgreSQL 可扩展性
      4. PostgreSQL 实现
      5. PostgreSQL 示例
    16. PostgreSQL SP-GiST索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 内建操作符类
      3. PostgreSQL 可扩展性
      4. PostgreSQL 实现
      5. PostgreSQL 例子
    17. PostgreSQL GIN 索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 内建操作符类
      3. PostgreSQL 可扩展性
      4. PostgreSQL 实现
      5. PostgreSQL GIN 提示和技巧
      6. PostgreSQL 限制
      7. PostgreSQL 例子
    18. PostgreSQL BRIN 索引
      1. PostgreSQL 简介
      2. PostgreSQL 内建操作符类
      3. PostgreSQL 可扩展性
    19. PostgreSQL 数据库物理存储
      1. PostgreSQL 数据库文件布局
      2. PostgreSQL TOAST
      3. PostgreSQL 空闲空间映射
      4. PostgreSQL 可见性映射
      5. PostgreSQL 初始化分支
      6. PostgreSQL 数据库页面布局
    20. PostgreSQL 系统目录声明和初始内容
      1. PostgreSQL 系统目录声明规则
      2. PostgreSQL 系统目录初始数据
      3. PostgreSQL BKI文件格式
      4. PostgreSQL BKI命令
      5. PostgreSQL 自举BKI文件的结构
      6. PostgreSQL BKI例子
    21. PostgreSQL 规划器如何使用统计信息
      1. PostgreSQL 行估计例子
      2. PostgreSQL 多变量统计例子
      3. PostgreSQL 规划器统计和安全
    22. PostgreSQL 备份清单格式
      1. PostgreSQL 备份清单顶级(Top-level)对象
      2. PostgreSQL Backup Manifest File Object
      3. PostgreSQL Backup Manifest WAL Range Object
  10. PostgreSQL 附录
    1. PostgreSQL 错误代码
    2. PostgreSQL 日期/时间支持
      1. PostgreSQL 日期/时间输入解释
      2. PostgreSQL 处理无效或不明确的时间戳
      3. PostgreSQL 日期/时间关键词
      4. PostgreSQL 日期/时间配置文件
      5. PostgreSQL POSIX 时区规范
      6. PostgreSQL 单位的历史
    3. PostgreSQL SQL关键词
    4. PostgreSQL SQL 符合性
      1. PostgreSQL 已支持特性
      2. PostgreSQL 未支持特性
      3. PostgreSQL XML对于SQL的限制和符合性/XML
    5. PostgreSQL 版本说明
      1. PostgreSQL 版本 13.1
      2. PostgreSQL 发布版本 13
      3. PostgreSQL 先前的版本
    6. PostgreSQL 额外提供的模块
      1. PostgreSQL adminpack
      2. PostgreSQL amcheck
      3. PostgreSQL auth_delay
      4. PostgreSQL auto_explain
      5. PostgreSQL bloom
      6. PostgreSQL btree_gin
      7. PostgreSQL btree_gist
      8. PostgreSQL citext
      9. PostgreSQL cube
      10. PostgreSQL dblink
      11. PostgreSQL dict_int
      12. PostgreSQL dict_xsyn
      13. PostgreSQL earthdistance
      14. PostgreSQL file_fdw
      15. PostgreSQL fuzzystrmatch
      16. PostgreSQL hstore
      17. PostgreSQL intagg
      18. PostgreSQL intarray
      19. PostgreSQL isn
      20. PostgreSQL lo
      21. PostgreSQL ltree
      22. PostgreSQL pageinspect
      23. PostgreSQL passwordcheck
      24. PostgreSQL pg_buffercache
      25. PostgreSQL pgcrypto
      26. PostgreSQL pg_freespacemap
      27. PostgreSQL pg_prewarm
      28. PostgreSQL pgrowlocks
      29. PostgreSQL pg_stat_statements
      30. PostgreSQL pgstattuple
      31. PostgreSQL pg_trgm
      32. PostgreSQL pg_visibility
      33. PostgreSQL postgres_fdw
      34. PostgreSQL seg
      35. PostgreSQL sepgsql
      36. PostgreSQL spi
      37. PostgreSQL sslinfo
      38. PostgreSQL tablefunc
      39. PostgreSQL tcn
      40. PostgreSQL test_decoding
      41. PostgreSQL tsm_system_rows
      42. PostgreSQL tsm_system_time
      43. PostgreSQL unaccent
      44. PostgreSQL uuid-ossp
      45. PostgreSQL xml2
    7. PostgreSQL 额外提供的程序
      1. PostgreSQL 客户端应用
      2. PostgreSQL oid2name
      3. PostgreSQL vacuumlo
      4. PostgreSQL 服务器应用
      5. PostgreSQL pg_standby
    8. PostgreSQL 外部项目
      1. PostgreSQL 客户端接口
      2. PostgreSQL 管理工具
      3. PostgreSQL 过程语言
      4. PostgreSQL 扩展
    9. PostgreSQL 源代码仓库
      1. PostgreSQL 通过Git得到源码
    10. PostgreSQL 文档
      1. PostgreSQL DocBook
      2. PostgreSQL 工具集
      3. PostgreSQL 编译文档
      4. PostgreSQL 文档创作
      5. PostgreSQL 样式指导
    11. PostgreSQL 限制
    12. PostgreSQL 首字母缩写词
    13. PostgreSQL 术语表
    14. PostgreSQL 颜色支持
      1. PostgreSQL 当使用颜色时
      2. PostgreSQL 配置颜色
  11. PostgreSQL 参考书目
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PostgreSQL SQL关键词

2021-08-24 15:07:48 更新

表 C.1列出了在SQL标准以及PostgreSQL 13.1中作为关键词的所有记号。背景资料可以在第 4.1.1 节中找到（由于篇幅的缘故，只包括了SQL标准的最近两个版本以及用于与历史比较的SQL-92。这些版本以及其他中间标准的版本之间的差别很小）。

SQL区分保留关键词和非保留关键词。根据标准，保留关键词才是真正的关键词，它们绝不会被允许作为标识符。非关键词仅仅是在特定上下文中具有特殊的含义并且可以在其他上下文中被用作标识符。大部分非保留关键词实际上是SQL指定的内建表和内建函数的名字。非保留关键词的概念存在的意义上实际上是声明某些上下文中的一个词被附加了某种预定义的含义。

在PostgreSQL的解析器中情况更加复杂。其中有多种不同的记号分类，从那些决不能被用作标识符的加号到那些在解析器中与普通标识符比起来绝对没有特殊状态的记号（后者通常是SQL中指定的函数）。在PostgreSQL中甚至保留关键词也不是完全被保留的，而是可以被用作列标签（例如可以写SELECT 55 AS CHECK，虽然CHECK是一个保留关键词）。

在表 C.1的PostgreSQL列中，我们把解析器明确知道但允许作为列名或者表名的那些关键词分类为“非保留”。有一些关键词是非保留的，但是不能被用作函数或数据类型名称，因此它们会被标记（大部分这些词表示有特殊语法的内建函数或数据类型。这种函数或类型仍然可用，但是不能被用户重新定义）。不允许作为列名或表名的记号被打上 “保留”的标签。某些保留关键词被允许作为函数或数据类型的名字，这也显示在该表中。如果没有被那样标记，保留关键词仅被允许作为“AS”列的标签名。

作为一条一般性的规则，如果对包含所列出关键词作为标识符的命令得到了站不住脚的解析器错误，应该尝试将该标识符加上引号来看看是否能解决问题。

在学习表 C.1之前有一件重要的事情是理解一个在PostgreSQL中不被保留的关键字并不意味着与该词相关的特性没有被实现。反过来，一个关键词的存在也不表示相应特性的存在。

表 C.1. SQL Key Words

Key Word PostgreSQL SQL:2016 SQL:2011 SQL-92
A   non-reserved non-reserved  
ABORT non-reserved      
ABS   reserved reserved  
ABSENT   non-reserved non-reserved  
ABSOLUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ACCESS non-reserved      
ACCORDING   non-reserved non-reserved  
ACOS   reserved    
ACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ADD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADMIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
AFTER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
AGGREGATE non-reserved      
ALL reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALLOCATE   reserved reserved reserved
ALSO non-reserved      
ALTER non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALWAYS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ANALYSE reserved      
ANALYZE reserved      
AND reserved reserved reserved reserved
ANY reserved reserved reserved reserved
ARE   reserved reserved reserved
ARRAY reserved reserved reserved  
ARRAY_AGG   reserved reserved  
ARRAY_​MAX_​CARDINALITY   reserved reserved  
AS reserved reserved reserved reserved
ASC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASENSITIVE   reserved reserved  
ASIN   reserved    
ASSERTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASSIGNMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ASYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved  
AT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ATAN   reserved    
ATOMIC   reserved reserved  
ATTACH non-reserved      
ATTRIBUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ATTRIBUTES   non-reserved non-reserved  
AUTHORIZATION reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
AVG   reserved reserved reserved
BACKWARD non-reserved      
BASE64   non-reserved non-reserved  
BEFORE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
BEGIN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
BEGIN_FRAME   reserved reserved  
BEGIN_PARTITION   reserved reserved  
BERNOULLI   non-reserved non-reserved  
BETWEEN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
BIGINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
BINARY reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
BIT non-reserved (cannot be function or type)     reserved
BIT_LENGTH       reserved
BLOB   reserved reserved  
BLOCKED   non-reserved non-reserved  
BOM   non-reserved non-reserved  
BOOLEAN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
BOTH reserved reserved reserved reserved
BREADTH   non-reserved non-reserved  
BY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
C   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CACHE non-reserved      
CALL non-reserved reserved reserved  
CALLED non-reserved reserved reserved  
CARDINALITY   reserved reserved  
CASCADE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CASCADED non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CASE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CAST reserved reserved reserved reserved
CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CATALOG_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CEIL   reserved reserved  
CEILING   reserved reserved  
CHAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CHAINING   non-reserved    
CHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTERISTICS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CHARACTERS   non-reserved non-reserved  
CHARACTER_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER_​SET_​CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
CHECK reserved reserved reserved reserved
CHECKPOINT non-reserved      
CLASS non-reserved      
CLASSIFIER   reserved    
CLASS_ORIGIN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CLOB   reserved reserved  
CLOSE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CLUSTER non-reserved      
COALESCE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
COBOL   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLLATION reserved (can be function or type) non-reserved non-reserved reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLECT   reserved reserved  
COLUMN reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLUMNS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
COLUMN_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_​FUNCTION_​CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
COMMENT non-reserved      
COMMENTS non-reserved      
COMMIT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
COMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONCURRENTLY reserved (can be function or type)      
CONDITION   reserved reserved  
CONDITIONAL   non-reserved    
CONDITION_NUMBER   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONFIGURATION non-reserved      
CONFLICT non-reserved      
CONNECT   reserved reserved reserved
CONNECTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONNECTION_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT reserved reserved reserved reserved
CONSTRAINTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR   non-reserved non-reserved  
CONTAINS   reserved reserved  
CONTENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CONTINUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONTROL   non-reserved non-reserved  
CONVERSION non-reserved      
CONVERT   reserved reserved reserved
COPY non-reserved reserved    
CORR   reserved reserved  
CORRESPONDING   reserved reserved reserved
COS   reserved    
COSH   reserved    
COST non-reserved      
COUNT   reserved reserved reserved
COVAR_POP   reserved reserved  
COVAR_SAMP   reserved reserved  
CREATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CROSS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CSV non-reserved      
CUBE non-reserved reserved reserved  
CUME_DIST   reserved reserved  
CURRENT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG reserved reserved reserved  
CURRENT_DATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_​DEFAULT_​TRANSFORM_​GROUP   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_PATH   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_ROLE reserved reserved reserved  
CURRENT_ROW   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_SCHEMA reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
CURRENT_TIME reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_​TRANSFORM_​GROUP_​FOR_​TYPE   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CYCLE non-reserved reserved reserved  
DATA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATABASE non-reserved      
DATALINK   reserved reserved  
DATE   reserved reserved reserved
DATETIME_​INTERVAL_​CODE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATETIME_​INTERVAL_​PRECISION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DAY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DB   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEALLOCATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECFLOAT   reserved    
DECIMAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECLARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DEFERRABLE reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFERRED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFINE   reserved    
DEFINED   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEFINER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DEGREE   non-reserved non-reserved  
DELETE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DELIMITER non-reserved      
DELIMITERS non-reserved      
DENSE_RANK   reserved reserved  
DEPENDS non-reserved      
DEPTH   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEREF   reserved reserved  
DERIVED   non-reserved non-reserved  
DESC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DESCRIBE   reserved reserved reserved
DESCRIPTOR   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DETACH non-reserved      
DETERMINISTIC   reserved reserved  
DIAGNOSTICS   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DICTIONARY non-reserved      
DISABLE non-reserved      
DISCARD non-reserved      
DISCONNECT   reserved reserved reserved
DISPATCH   non-reserved non-reserved  
DISTINCT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DLNEWCOPY   reserved reserved  
DLPREVIOUSCOPY   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETE   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATH   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATHONLY   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATHWRITE   reserved reserved  
DLURLSCHEME   reserved reserved  
DLURLSERVER   reserved reserved  
DLVALUE   reserved reserved  
DO reserved      
DOCUMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DOMAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DOUBLE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DROP non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DYNAMIC   reserved reserved  
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DYNAMIC_​FUNCTION_​CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
EACH non-reserved reserved reserved  
ELEMENT   reserved reserved  
ELSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
EMPTY   reserved non-reserved  
ENABLE non-reserved      
ENCODING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ENCRYPTED non-reserved      
END reserved reserved reserved reserved
END-EXEC   reserved reserved reserved
END_FRAME   reserved reserved  
END_PARTITION   reserved reserved  
ENFORCED   non-reserved non-reserved  
ENUM non-reserved      
EQUALS   reserved reserved  
ERROR   non-reserved    
ESCAPE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EVENT non-reserved      
EVERY   reserved reserved  
EXCEPT reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXCEPTION       reserved
EXCLUDE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
EXCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
EXCLUSIVE non-reserved      
EXEC   reserved reserved reserved
EXECUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
EXP   reserved reserved  
EXPLAIN non-reserved      
EXPRESSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
EXTENSION non-reserved      
EXTERNAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXTRACT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FALSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
FAMILY non-reserved      
FETCH reserved reserved reserved reserved
FILE   non-reserved non-reserved  
FILTER non-reserved reserved reserved  
FINAL   non-reserved non-reserved  
FINISH   non-reserved    
FIRST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FIRST_VALUE   reserved reserved  
FLAG   non-reserved non-reserved  
FLOAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FLOOR   reserved reserved  
FOLLOWING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
FOR reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORCE non-reserved      
FOREIGN reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORMAT   non-reserved    
FORTRAN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
FORWARD non-reserved      
FOUND   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FRAME_ROW   reserved reserved  
FREE   reserved reserved  
FREEZE reserved (can be function or type)      
FROM reserved reserved reserved reserved
FS   non-reserved non-reserved  
FULFILL   non-reserved    
FULL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FUNCTION non-reserved reserved reserved  
FUNCTIONS non-reserved      
FUSION   reserved reserved  
G   non-reserved non-reserved  
GENERAL   non-reserved non-reserved  
GENERATED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
GET   reserved reserved reserved
GLOBAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
GO   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GOTO   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GRANT reserved reserved reserved reserved
GRANTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
GREATEST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
GROUP reserved reserved reserved reserved
GROUPING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
GROUPS non-reserved reserved reserved  
HANDLER non-reserved      
HAVING reserved reserved reserved reserved
HEADER non-reserved      
HEX   non-reserved non-reserved  
HIERARCHY   non-reserved non-reserved  
HOLD non-reserved reserved reserved  
HOUR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ID   non-reserved non-reserved  
IDENTITY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
IF non-reserved      
IGNORE   non-reserved non-reserved  
ILIKE reserved (can be function or type)      
IMMEDIATE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
IMMEDIATELY   non-reserved non-reserved  
IMMUTABLE non-reserved      
IMPLEMENTATION   non-reserved non-reserved  
IMPLICIT non-reserved      
IMPORT non-reserved reserved reserved  
IN reserved reserved reserved reserved
INCLUDE non-reserved      
INCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INCREMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INDENT   non-reserved non-reserved  
INDEX non-reserved      
INDEXES non-reserved      
INDICATOR   reserved reserved reserved
INHERIT non-reserved      
INHERITS non-reserved      
INITIAL   reserved    
INITIALLY reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INLINE non-reserved      
INNER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INOUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
INPUT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INSENSITIVE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSERT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSTANCE   non-reserved non-reserved  
INSTANTIABLE   non-reserved non-reserved  
INSTEAD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGRITY   non-reserved non-reserved  
INTERSECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
INTERSECTION   reserved reserved  
INTERVAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTO reserved reserved reserved reserved
INVOKER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
IS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ISNULL reserved (can be function or type)      
ISOLATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
JOIN reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
JSON   non-reserved    
JSON_ARRAY   reserved    
JSON_ARRAYAGG   reserved    
JSON_EXISTS   reserved    
JSON_OBJECT   reserved    
JSON_OBJECTAGG   reserved    
JSON_QUERY   reserved    
JSON_TABLE   reserved    
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE   reserved    
JSON_VALUE   reserved    
K   non-reserved non-reserved  
KEEP   non-reserved    
KEY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
KEYS   non-reserved    
KEY_MEMBER   non-reserved non-reserved  
KEY_TYPE   non-reserved non-reserved  
LABEL non-reserved      
LAG   reserved reserved  
LANGUAGE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LARGE non-reserved reserved reserved  
LAST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LAST_VALUE   reserved reserved  
LATERAL reserved reserved reserved  
LEAD   reserved reserved  
LEADING reserved reserved reserved reserved
LEAKPROOF non-reserved      
LEAST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
LEFT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
LEVEL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LIBRARY   non-reserved non-reserved  
LIKE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LIKE_REGEX   reserved reserved  
LIMIT reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
LINK   non-reserved non-reserved  
LISTAGG   reserved    
LISTEN non-reserved      
LN   reserved reserved  
LOAD non-reserved      
LOCAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LOCALTIME reserved reserved reserved  
LOCALTIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved  
LOCATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
LOCATOR   non-reserved non-reserved  
LOCK non-reserved      
LOCKED non-reserved      
LOG   reserved    
LOG10   reserved    
LOGGED non-reserved      
LOWER   reserved reserved reserved
M   non-reserved non-reserved  
MAP   non-reserved non-reserved  
MAPPING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MATCH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MATCHED   non-reserved non-reserved  
MATCHES   reserved    
MATCH_NUMBER   reserved    
MATCH_RECOGNIZE   reserved    
MATERIALIZED non-reserved      
MAX   reserved reserved reserved
MAXVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MEASURES   reserved    
MEMBER   reserved reserved  
MERGE   reserved reserved  
MESSAGE_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
METHOD non-reserved reserved reserved  
MIN   reserved reserved reserved
MINUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MINVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MOD   reserved reserved  
MODE non-reserved      
MODIFIES   reserved reserved  
MODULE   reserved reserved reserved
MONTH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MORE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MOVE non-reserved      
MULTISET   reserved reserved  
MUMPS   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAMES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NAMESPACE   non-reserved non-reserved  
NATIONAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NATURAL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCLOB   reserved reserved  
NESTED   non-reserved    
NESTING   non-reserved non-reserved  
NEW non-reserved reserved reserved  
NEXT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NFC non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NFD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NFKC non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NFKD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NIL   non-reserved non-reserved  
NO non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
NONE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
NORMALIZE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
NORMALIZED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NOT reserved reserved reserved reserved
NOTHING non-reserved      
NOTIFY non-reserved      
NOTNULL reserved (can be function or type)      
NOWAIT non-reserved      
NTH_VALUE   reserved reserved  
NTILE   reserved reserved  
NULL reserved reserved reserved reserved
NULLABLE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NULLIF non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NULLS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NUMBER   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NUMERIC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OBJECT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OCCURRENCES_REGEX   reserved reserved  
OCTETS   non-reserved non-reserved  
OCTET_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
OF non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
OFF non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OFFSET reserved reserved reserved  
OIDS non-reserved      
OLD non-reserved reserved reserved  
OMIT   reserved    
ON reserved reserved reserved reserved
ONE   reserved    
ONLY reserved reserved reserved reserved
OPEN   reserved reserved reserved
OPERATOR non-reserved      
OPTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OPTIONS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OR reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDER reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDERING   non-reserved non-reserved  
ORDINALITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OTHERS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
OUTER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OUTPUT   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OVER non-reserved reserved reserved  
OVERFLOW   non-reserved    
OVERLAPS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OVERLAY non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
OVERRIDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OWNED non-reserved      
OWNER non-reserved      
P   non-reserved non-reserved  
PAD   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARALLEL non-reserved      
PARAMETER   reserved reserved  
PARAMETER_MODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_​ORDINAL_​POSITION   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_​SPECIFIC_​SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARSER non-reserved      
PARTIAL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARTITION non-reserved reserved reserved  
PASCAL   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PASS   non-reserved    
PASSING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PASSTHROUGH   non-reserved non-reserved  
PASSWORD non-reserved      
PAST   non-reserved    
PATH   non-reserved non-reserved  
PATTERN   reserved    
PER   reserved    
PERCENT   reserved reserved  
PERCENTILE_CONT   reserved reserved  
PERCENTILE_DISC   reserved reserved  
PERCENT_RANK   reserved reserved  
PERIOD   reserved reserved  
PERMISSION   non-reserved non-reserved  
PERMUTE   reserved    
PLACING reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PLAN   non-reserved    
PLANS non-reserved      
PLI   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
POLICY non-reserved      
PORTION   reserved reserved  
POSITION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
POSITION_REGEX   reserved reserved  
POWER   reserved reserved  
PRECEDES   reserved reserved  
PRECEDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PRECISION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
PREPARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PREPARED non-reserved      
PRESERVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIMARY reserved reserved reserved reserved
PRIOR non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIVATE   non-reserved    
PRIVILEGES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PROCEDURAL non-reserved      
PROCEDURE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PROCEDURES non-reserved      
PROGRAM non-reserved      
PRUNE   non-reserved    
PTF   reserved    
PUBLIC   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PUBLICATION non-reserved      
QUOTE non-reserved      
QUOTES   non-reserved    
RANGE non-reserved reserved reserved  
RANK   reserved reserved  
READ non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
READS   reserved reserved  
REAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
REASSIGN non-reserved      
RECHECK non-reserved      
RECOVERY   non-reserved non-reserved  
RECURSIVE non-reserved reserved reserved  
REF non-reserved reserved reserved  
REFERENCES reserved reserved reserved reserved
REFERENCING non-reserved reserved reserved  
REFRESH non-reserved      
REGR_AVGX   reserved reserved  
REGR_AVGY   reserved reserved  
REGR_COUNT   reserved reserved  
REGR_INTERCEPT   reserved reserved  
REGR_R2   reserved reserved  
REGR_SLOPE   reserved reserved  
REGR_SXX   reserved reserved  
REGR_SXY   reserved reserved  
REGR_SYY   reserved reserved  
REINDEX non-reserved      
RELATIVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RELEASE non-reserved reserved reserved  
RENAME non-reserved      
REPEATABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
REPLACE non-reserved      
REPLICA non-reserved      
REQUIRING   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESET non-reserved      
RESPECT   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTART non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTORE   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTRICT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RESULT   reserved reserved  
RETURN   reserved reserved  
RETURNED_CARDINALITY   non-reserved non-reserved  
RETURNED_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_​OCTET_​LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNING reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
RETURNS non-reserved reserved reserved  
REVOKE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
RIGHT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ROLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ROLLBACK non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROLLUP non-reserved reserved reserved  
ROUTINE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINES non-reserved      
ROUTINE_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINE_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROW non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
ROWS non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROW_COUNT   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ROW_NUMBER   reserved reserved  
RULE non-reserved      
RUNNING   reserved    
SAVEPOINT non-reserved reserved reserved  
SCALAR   non-reserved    
SCALE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SCHEMAS non-reserved      
SCHEMA_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCOPE   reserved reserved  
SCOPE_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCOPE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCOPE_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCROLL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SEARCH non-reserved reserved reserved  
SECOND non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SECTION   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SECURITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SEEK   reserved    
SELECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
SELECTIVE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SELF   non-reserved non-reserved  
SENSITIVE   reserved reserved  
SEQUENCE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SEQUENCES non-reserved      
SERIALIZABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SERVER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SERVER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SESSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SESSION_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
SET non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SETOF non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
SETS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SHARE non-reserved      
SHOW non-reserved reserved    
SIMILAR reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
SIMPLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SIN   reserved    
SINH   reserved    
SIZE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SKIP non-reserved reserved    
SMALLINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SNAPSHOT non-reserved      
SOME reserved reserved reserved reserved
SOURCE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SPACE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SPECIFIC   reserved reserved  
SPECIFICTYPE   reserved reserved  
SPECIFIC_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
SQL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SQLCODE       reserved
SQLERROR       reserved
SQLEXCEPTION   reserved reserved  
SQLSTATE   reserved reserved reserved
SQLWARNING   reserved reserved  
SQRT   reserved reserved  
STABLE non-reserved      
STANDALONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
START non-reserved reserved reserved  
STATE   non-reserved non-reserved  
STATEMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
STATIC   reserved reserved  
STATISTICS non-reserved      
STDDEV_POP   reserved reserved  
STDDEV_SAMP   reserved reserved  
STDIN non-reserved      
STDOUT non-reserved      
STORAGE non-reserved      
STORED non-reserved      
STRICT non-reserved      
STRING   non-reserved    
STRIP non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
STRUCTURE   non-reserved non-reserved  
STYLE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SUBMULTISET   reserved reserved  
SUBSCRIPTION non-reserved      
SUBSET   reserved    
SUBSTRING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX   reserved reserved  
SUCCEEDS   reserved reserved  
SUM   reserved reserved reserved
SUPPORT non-reserved      
SYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved  
SYSID non-reserved      
SYSTEM non-reserved reserved reserved  
SYSTEM_TIME   reserved reserved  
SYSTEM_USER   reserved reserved reserved
T   non-reserved non-reserved  
TABLE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TABLES non-reserved      
TABLESAMPLE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
TABLESPACE non-reserved      
TABLE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TAN   reserved    
TANH   reserved    
TEMP non-reserved      
TEMPLATE non-reserved      
TEMPORARY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TEXT non-reserved      
THEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
THROUGH   non-reserved    
TIES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
TIME non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMESTAMP non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR   reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE   reserved reserved reserved
TO reserved reserved reserved reserved
TOKEN   non-reserved non-reserved  
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRAILING reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRANSACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TRANSACTIONS_​COMMITTED   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSACTIONS_​ROLLED_​BACK   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSFORM non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSFORMS   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSLATE   reserved reserved reserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX   reserved reserved  
TRANSLATION   reserved reserved reserved
TREAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
TRIGGER non-reserved reserved reserved  
TRIGGER_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIGGER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIGGER_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIM non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TRIM_ARRAY   reserved reserved  
TRUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRUNCATE non-reserved reserved reserved  
TRUSTED non-reserved      
TYPE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TYPES non-reserved      
UESCAPE non-reserved reserved reserved  
UNBOUNDED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
UNCOMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNCONDITIONAL   non-reserved    
UNDER   non-reserved non-reserved  
UNENCRYPTED non-reserved      
UNION reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNIQUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNKNOWN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNLINK   non-reserved non-reserved  
UNLISTEN non-reserved      
UNLOGGED non-reserved      
UNMATCHED   reserved    
UNNAMED   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNNEST   reserved reserved  
UNTIL non-reserved      
UNTYPED   non-reserved non-reserved  
UPDATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UPPER   reserved reserved reserved
URI   non-reserved non-reserved  
USAGE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_​DEFINED_​TYPE_​SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
USING reserved reserved reserved reserved
UTF16   non-reserved    
UTF32   non-reserved    
UTF8   non-reserved    
VACUUM non-reserved      
VALID non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
VALIDATE non-reserved      
VALIDATOR non-reserved      
VALUE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VALUES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VALUE_OF   reserved reserved  
VARBINARY   reserved reserved  
VARCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VARIADIC reserved      
VARYING non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VAR_POP   reserved reserved  
VAR_SAMP   reserved reserved  
VERBOSE reserved (can be function or type)      
VERSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
VERSIONING   reserved reserved  
VIEW non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
VIEWS non-reserved      
VOLATILE non-reserved      
WHEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHENEVER   reserved reserved reserved
WHERE reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHITESPACE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
WIDTH_BUCKET   reserved reserved  
WINDOW reserved reserved reserved  
WITH reserved reserved reserved reserved
WITHIN non-reserved reserved reserved  
WITHOUT non-reserved reserved reserved  
WORK non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
WRAPPER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
WRITE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
XML non-reserved reserved reserved  
XMLAGG   reserved reserved  
XMLATTRIBUTES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLBINARY   reserved reserved  
XMLCAST   reserved reserved  
XMLCOMMENT   reserved reserved  
XMLCONCAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLDECLARATION   non-reserved non-reserved  
XMLDOCUMENT   reserved reserved  
XMLELEMENT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLEXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLFOREST non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLITERATE   reserved reserved  
XMLNAMESPACES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLPARSE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLPI non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLQUERY   reserved reserved  
XMLROOT non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
XMLSCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
XMLSERIALIZE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLTABLE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLTEXT   reserved reserved  
XMLVALIDATE   reserved reserved  
YEAR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
YES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ZONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved


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